Department of Nursing

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    Influence of social media and the digital environment on international migration of health workforce from low- and middle-income countries post COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol.
    (BMJ Open, 2024-09-19) Dzansi, Gladys; Amankwa,Abdul-Mumin; Menkah, William; Ametefe, Vivian; Xatse, Eugenia; Azanku, Believe Adzoa
    Introduction: Migration of the health workforce from low- and middle-income countries (LMCIs) is increasingly becoming a phenomenon of interest within migration governance systems. The COVID-19 pandemic aggravated health workforce shortages that have created job opportunities in high-income countries such as the USA, UK, Canada, and Germany, among others. Conditions of service in LMCIs are unattractive, leading to the search for better opportunities. The digital environment is becoming one of the facilitators of migration intentions due to the activities of recruitment agencies and the search for job opportunities on the World Wide Web. The digital environment creates opportunities for migration but also poses a security threat, economic loss, and a brain drain to departure countries. However, there is a paucity of evidence on how the proliferation of advertisements on health workforce recruitment within social media, unsolicited emails, and activities of recruitment agencies in the digital environment influence the migration of the health workforce and the implications of migration governance. Method and analysis: This scoping review protocol describes a comprehensive systematic extraction and examination of existing literature to map key concepts and identify previous literature, noting the gaps in how social media and the digital environment are influencing the migration of the health workforce. We lean on Arksey and O'Malley’s scoping framework in developing this protocol. This involves the following: identifying research questions, searching for the literature, selecting articles or studies, charting the data, and organizing and reporting the outcome of the review. The review question is informed by the population, concept, and context framework, which details the population as the health workforce (doctors, nurses, midwives, and pharmacists), the key concepts as migration, social media, and digital environment, and the context as LMICs. The search strategy was developed with the assistance of an experienced librarian who will work with the team to conduct a peer review of electronic search strategies to evaluate titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for inclusion from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Additionally, we will search grey literature sources including online news media, social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter), web pages of WHO, UN, and migration-related agencies, and interfaces like EBSCO host. Two members of the team will screen titles and abstracts, and all team members will screen full text for data extraction. Data from grey sources will be converted to transcripts, coded, and grouped into themes and subthemes consistent with thematic analysis strategies. All authors will be involved in the synthesis of the data. We intend to follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines in reporting the outcome of peer-review sources. Ethics and dissemination: This is a scoping review protocol that addresses a subject of interest that poses no risk to individuals or groups. All the information will be retrieved from open sources only. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework registry (osf. oi/ zan3q) to serve as an audit trail. Reports from the review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
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    Vaccine Coverage: Resurgence of Measles Outbreak in Ghana
    (South Asian Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 2023-06-27) Amankwa, Abdul-Mumin; Yahaya, Abdulai; Offei, Kwesibea; Abdul Malik, Yussif; Adankah, Adam Yushawu
    Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to severe complications and even death, especially in young children. Children who are not vaccinated against measles are at a higher risk of contracting the disease. In the first 5 weeks of 2023, a total of 209 suspected cases were reported in 11 districts and they were all later confirmed to be positive by laboratory investigations. The low vaccination coverage rates have contributed to the recent measles outbreak in Ghana, which has had devastating consequences on children's health. The outbreak has been linked to several factors, including low immunization coverage, poor healthcare infrastructure, and inadequate disease surveillance systems. Improving vaccination coverage and strengthening surveillance and monitoring systems are critical steps in controlling and preventing the spread of measles.