Browsing by Author "Addy, Alfred"

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    Analysis of Ghana's Food and Drugs Law, and Public Health Act for Vaccine Safety
    (International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical Research, 2024-02) Addy, Alfred; Selorm, Johnson Mensah Sukah; Puopele, Paulina; Deborah Addo,4; Mensah, George Benneh
    Amidst vaccine safety hesitancy risks, this analysis applies CREAC method to interpret Ghana’s Food and Drugs Law 1992 (PNDCL 305B) establishing regulation alongside Public Health Act 2012 (Act 851) enabling compulsion, evaluating policy levers balancing access assurance and outbreak response efficacy with dissent and rights protections. Key amendments and guidance recommended affirm nuanced applications upholding exemption and exclusion fairness amidst necessity, minimizing restrictions through transparent and accountable procedures. Significantly, codifying posterity considerations builds trust in oversight systems with Phase IV post-market surveillance while proactive rights jurisprudence presses judicious state action – fostering adoption not resistance.
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    Analysis of Ghana's Public Health Act 2012 and AI's Role in Augmenting Vaccine Supply and Distribution Challenges in Ghana
    (ResearchGate, 2024-02) Addy, Alfred; Gborfuh, Abraham; Selorm, Johnson Mensah Sukah; Mensah, George Benneh
    Objective: This study examines reforming Ghana’s dated Public Health Act to enable responsible AI adoption improving equitable vaccine access. Method: A blended CRuPAC-CREAC analytical framework grounded in statutory language, precedents and academic literature is utilized. Results: Current Act provisions grant the Health Minister broad oversight powers interpretable to permit AI supply chain innovations, but lack explicit permissions, priorities, assessments and safeguards to govern responsible development. Scientific Contribution: This pioneers structured public health law analyses assessing AI governance gaps and reform solutions in Ghana grounded in peer country models. Practical Significance: The evidenced recommendations provide legislators and advocates a framework for balancing permission and oversight of impactful technology. Conclusion: While the Act could allow AI vaccination optimizations, targeted modernizing amendments codifying guidelines for responsible innovation can profoundly accelerate equitable access. Recommendations: Legislators should enact laws expressly permitting, prioritizing and governing high-impact health AI based on reforms in India, EU and Rwanda.
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    Ghana's Public Health Act, AI Algorithms and the Vaccine Supply Chain in Ghana
    (International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 2024-01) Addy, Alfred; Gbadagba Kwame Joshua; Selorm, Johnson Mensah Sukah; Mensah, George Benneh
    Objective: This analysis explored gaps between Ghana’s Public Health Act’s oversight provisions and on-the-ground implementation realities using an algorithmic accountability lens, assessing the sufficiency of current vaccine supply chain governance to address risks of unfairness and opacity from integrating artificial intelligence systems. Method: A structured CRAC/IRAC framework was utilized integrating legal analysis of statutory duties under the Public Health Act, case law precedents, real-world examples, counterevidence, and multidisciplinary literature to holistically evaluate institutional capabilities and barriers for monitoring AI automation. Results: The research found that while existing law confers broad transparency and equity mandates applicable to algorithmic tools for health officials under Sections 97, 108 and 169, practical challenges surrounding proprietary opacity of commercial AI and gaps in enforceability impede their fulfillment, necessitating updated regulations. Scientific Contribution: This pioneers legal analysis of AI governance in Ghana while transferring analytical concepts like algorithmic fairness into the sociolegal domain, seeding an important emerging field. It provides a template for assessing automation impacts on rights empirically using mixed criteria. Practical Significance: Scrutinizing legal shortcomings and barriers early while AI integration remains nascent aims positively influence application of guidelines protecting patients. It brings material questions of resource prioritization rooted in moral values of justice into sharper relief for key decision-makers shaping digitized futures.